The globalization of agricultural trade has substantially increased the cross-border movement of horticultural and food commodities. While this has helped global food security, it has also brought a higher risk of transmitting invasive plant pests and pathogens. As a result, regulatory bodies are updating their frameworks to balance trade economics with strict biosecurity. This paper looks at how global phytosanitary regulations have evolved, focusing on the shift towards digital ePhyto systems under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). It also provides an analysis of the Indian regulatory ecosystem, tracing the changes from the early Destructive Insects and Pests (DIP) Act of 1914 to the Plant Quarantine Order of 2003. Finally, the review discusses recent domestic interventions, like the PMFME and AIF schemes, which are designed to reduce post-harvest losses and support the food processing sector.

Published: 2026-03-01 | DOI: N/A